Particle Field

/**
 * Particle Field — Floating particles with connection lines on pointer proximity.
 * Category: backgrounds | Animate: true | Interactive: true | Complexity: low
 */
export default function particleField(ctx, state) {
  const COUNT = 80;
  const MAX_DIST = 120;
  const SPEED = 0.3;
  const PARTICLE_R = 1.5;
  const LINE_ALPHA = 0.15;

  let particles = [];

  function seed() {
    particles = Array.from({ length: COUNT }, () => ({
      x: Math.random() * state.width,
      y: Math.random() * state.height,
      vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * SPEED,
      vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * SPEED,
    }));
  }

  seed();

  return {
    resize() {
      seed();
    },

    frame({ width, height, pointer, reducedMotion }) {
      for (const p of particles) {
        if (!reducedMotion) {
          p.x += p.vx;
          p.y += p.vy;
        }
        if (p.x < 0) p.x = width;
        if (p.x > width) p.x = 0;
        if (p.y < 0) p.y = height;
        if (p.y > height) p.y = 0;
      }

      // Connection lines
      ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(148, 163, 184, ${LINE_ALPHA})`;
      ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
      for (let i = 0; i < particles.length; i++) {
        for (let j = i + 1; j < particles.length; j++) {
          const dx = particles[i].x - particles[j].x;
          const dy = particles[i].y - particles[j].y;
          const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
          if (dist < MAX_DIST) {
            ctx.globalAlpha = (1 - dist / MAX_DIST) * LINE_ALPHA;
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.moveTo(particles[i].x, particles[i].y);
            ctx.lineTo(particles[j].x, particles[j].y);
            ctx.stroke();
          }
        }
      }

      // Pointer connections
      if (pointer.inside) {
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.25)';
        for (const p of particles) {
          const dx = p.x - pointer.x;
          const dy = p.y - pointer.y;
          const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
          if (dist < MAX_DIST * 1.5) {
            ctx.globalAlpha = (1 - dist / (MAX_DIST * 1.5)) * 0.3;
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.moveTo(p.x, p.y);
            ctx.lineTo(pointer.x, pointer.y);
            ctx.stroke();
          }
        }
      }

      // Dots
      ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.6)';
      for (const p of particles) {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, PARTICLE_R, 0, Math.PI * 2);
        ctx.fill();
      }
    },
  };
}

<canvas id="canvas-effect" style="width:100%;height:400px;display:block" aria-hidden="true"></canvas>
<script>
/**
 * mountCanvas — Minimal runtime for Canvas effects.
 *
 * Handles HiDPI scaling, ResizeObserver, RAF loop, pointer tracking,
 * reduced-motion, and cleanup. The effect only implements draw logic.
 *
 * @param {HTMLCanvasElement} canvas
 * @param {(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, state: object) => object} createEffect
 * @param {object} [options]
 * @returns {() => void} destroy function
 */
function mountCanvas(canvas, createEffect, options = {}) {
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d', { alpha: true });
  if (!ctx) throw new Error('2D context not available');

  const opts = {
    animate: true,
    clear: true,
    maxDpr: 2,
    pauseWhenHidden: true,
    respectReducedMotion: true,
    ...options,
  };

  const reducedMotion =
    opts.respectReducedMotion && window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;

  const state = {
    canvas,
    ctx,
    width: 0,
    height: 0,
    pixelWidth: 0,
    pixelHeight: 0,
    dpr: 1,
    time: 0,
    delta: 0,
    frame: 0,
    playing: false,
    reducedMotion,
    pointer: { x: 0, y: 0, inside: false, down: false },
  };

  let rafId = 0;
  let lastTime = 0;
  let disposed = false;

  function measure() {
    const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
    const w = Math.max(1, rect.width);
    const h = Math.max(1, rect.height);
    const dpr = Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, opts.maxDpr);
    const pw = Math.round(w * dpr);
    const ph = Math.round(h * dpr);

    if (canvas.width !== pw || canvas.height !== ph) {
      canvas.width = pw;
      canvas.height = ph;
    }

    state.width = w;
    state.height = h;
    state.pixelWidth = pw;
    state.pixelHeight = ph;
    state.dpr = dpr;
    ctx.setTransform(dpr, 0, 0, dpr, 0, 0);
  }

  function clear() {
    ctx.clearRect(0, 0, state.width, state.height);
  }

  const effect = createEffect(ctx, state) || {};

  function onResize() {
    measure();
    effect.resize?.(state);
    if (!opts.animate || reducedMotion) {
      if (opts.clear) clear();
      effect.frame?.(state);
    }
  }

  function loop(now) {
    if (disposed) return;
    if (opts.pauseWhenHidden && document.hidden) {
      rafId = requestAnimationFrame(loop);
      return;
    }

    state.delta = lastTime ? (now - lastTime) / 1000 : 0;
    state.time = now / 1000;
    state.frame += 1;
    lastTime = now;

    if (opts.clear) clear();
    effect.frame?.(state);

    rafId = requestAnimationFrame(loop);
  }

  function onPointerMove(e) {
    const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
    state.pointer.x = e.clientX - rect.left;
    state.pointer.y = e.clientY - rect.top;
    if (!opts.animate || reducedMotion) {
      if (opts.clear) clear();
      effect.frame?.(state);
    }
  }
  function onPointerEnter() {
    state.pointer.inside = true;
  }
  function onPointerLeave() {
    state.pointer.inside = false;
    state.pointer.down = false;
  }
  function onPointerDown() {
    state.pointer.down = true;
  }
  function onPointerUp() {
    state.pointer.down = false;
  }

  const ro = new ResizeObserver(onResize);
  ro.observe(canvas);

  canvas.addEventListener('pointermove', onPointerMove);
  canvas.addEventListener('pointerenter', onPointerEnter);
  canvas.addEventListener('pointerleave', onPointerLeave);
  canvas.addEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown);
  window.addEventListener('pointerup', onPointerUp);

  measure();

  if (opts.animate && !reducedMotion) {
    state.playing = true;
    rafId = requestAnimationFrame(loop);
  } else {
    effect.frame?.(state);
  }

  return function destroy() {
    disposed = true;
    state.playing = false;
    cancelAnimationFrame(rafId);
    ro.disconnect();
    canvas.removeEventListener('pointermove', onPointerMove);
    canvas.removeEventListener('pointerenter', onPointerEnter);
    canvas.removeEventListener('pointerleave', onPointerLeave);
    canvas.removeEventListener('pointerdown', onPointerDown);
    window.removeEventListener('pointerup', onPointerUp);
    effect.destroy?.(state);
  };
}

/**
 * Particle Field — Floating particles with connection lines on pointer proximity.
 * Category: backgrounds | Animate: true | Interactive: true | Complexity: low
 */
const __effect = function particleField(ctx, state) {
  const COUNT = 80;
  const MAX_DIST = 120;
  const SPEED = 0.3;
  const PARTICLE_R = 1.5;
  const LINE_ALPHA = 0.15;

  let particles = [];

  function seed() {
    particles = Array.from({ length: COUNT }, () => ({
      x: Math.random() * state.width,
      y: Math.random() * state.height,
      vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * SPEED,
      vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * SPEED,
    }));
  }

  seed();

  return {
    resize() {
      seed();
    },

    frame({ width, height, pointer, reducedMotion }) {
      for (const p of particles) {
        if (!reducedMotion) {
          p.x += p.vx;
          p.y += p.vy;
        }
        if (p.x < 0) p.x = width;
        if (p.x > width) p.x = 0;
        if (p.y < 0) p.y = height;
        if (p.y > height) p.y = 0;
      }

      // Connection lines
      ctx.strokeStyle = `rgba(148, 163, 184, ${LINE_ALPHA})`;
      ctx.lineWidth = 0.5;
      for (let i = 0; i < particles.length; i++) {
        for (let j = i + 1; j < particles.length; j++) {
          const dx = particles[i].x - particles[j].x;
          const dy = particles[i].y - particles[j].y;
          const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
          if (dist < MAX_DIST) {
            ctx.globalAlpha = (1 - dist / MAX_DIST) * LINE_ALPHA;
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.moveTo(particles[i].x, particles[i].y);
            ctx.lineTo(particles[j].x, particles[j].y);
            ctx.stroke();
          }
        }
      }

      // Pointer connections
      if (pointer.inside) {
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(99, 102, 241, 0.25)';
        for (const p of particles) {
          const dx = p.x - pointer.x;
          const dy = p.y - pointer.y;
          const dist = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
          if (dist < MAX_DIST * 1.5) {
            ctx.globalAlpha = (1 - dist / (MAX_DIST * 1.5)) * 0.3;
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.moveTo(p.x, p.y);
            ctx.lineTo(pointer.x, pointer.y);
            ctx.stroke();
          }
        }
      }

      // Dots
      ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.6)';
      for (const p of particles) {
        ctx.beginPath();
        ctx.arc(p.x, p.y, PARTICLE_R, 0, Math.PI * 2);
        ctx.fill();
      }
    },
  };
}

const canvas = document.getElementById('canvas-effect');
mountCanvas(canvas, __effect, { animate: true, clear: true });
</script>